exogenous [ ek-SOJ-uh'-nuh' s ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. derived or developed externally 2. (Botany) marked by adding woody tissue layers to the stem externally beneath the bark 3. (Pathology) caused by external pathogens or conditions | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Exogenous ailments like broken bones are best treated by allopathic means than any other.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | We are dealing with a substance which is both endogenous (produced within the body) and exogenous (originating outside the body), and the exogenous HGH is absolutely similar to what is produced by your body. BBC, New Drug Menace Stalks Sport, By Tom Fordyce, 27 July, 2003 | | grouse [ grous ] | | [ noun, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) complaint 2. (n.) popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet 3. (tr. v.) to complain and grumble | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | People who grumble and grouse all the time are generally to be avoided.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Good numbers of grouse are reported in Nidderdale, Wharfedale, Airedale, the North York Moors and the Yorkshire Dales National Park. BBC, Grouse numbers on the up | | fastidious [ fa-STID-ee-uh' s, fuh'- ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. difficult to please; excessively critical; having high and often whimsical standards 2. requiring or displaying excessive care and delicacy | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Being fastidious about his attire, he frequented only a few select high end stores.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | There is one thing that matters to set a chime of words tinkling in the minds of a few fastidious people. Logan Pearsall Smith (1865-1946). | | ad nauseam [ ad NAW-zee-uh'm, -am ] | | [ adverb ] | | MEANING : | | to a sickening or disgusting degree; to the point of nausea | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | All news channels showed the capture of the terrorist ad nauseam.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Through the haze of Bud Light and Stoli, the authentic Russian vodka, the sickening images of the second plane slicing through the World Trade Centre were played ad infinitum and ad nauseam. The Telegraph, Gordonstoun head 'drank to blot it out', By Auslan Cramb, Scottish Correspondent, 9 Sep 2001 | | ersatz [ ER-zahts, -sahts, er-ZAHTS, -SAHTS ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | an artificial and usually inferior substitute or imitation | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | At the seminar they served us ersatz coffee made of chicory.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The remaining sites would then be rebuilt in traditional style. Such conservation would not be ersatz antiquarianism but merely use appropriate materials to rescue a neighbourhood whose character should be as critical to old Kabul as saving Covent Garden was to London's West End. Khaleej Times, Guns and glory, SIMON JENKINS, 21 June 2006 | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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