substantiate [ suh' b-STAN-shee-eyt ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. to confirm or prove using evidence 2. to embody or give form or material to | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Any accusation has to be substantiated with hard evidence.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | In a formal statement requested by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Legend made the first move to substantiate news reports and industry talk of a Legend-AOL China alliance. CNN, Legend confirms AOL's move into China, By CNN's Kristie Lu Stout, June 5, 2001 | | vilify [ VIL-uh'-fahy ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. to malign, defame, slander or speak ill of | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | They vilified his name in order to seek revenge.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Many abroad vilify Mr Putin - who led Russia as president for eight years and remains its most powerful man despite stepping down and becoming prime minister. BBC, Russia fleet 'may leave Ukraine', By Mark Franchetti, 18 October 2008 | | throng [ thrawng, throng ] | | [ noun, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) crowd or multitude of people 2. (tr.v.) to jostle, crowd or throng 3. (intr.v.) to assemble, throng or crowd | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | A throng of protestors gathered in front of the Parliament House.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | At least 20,000 people throng the streets of Bunol, in Spain, to participate in a giant tomato fight. BBC, In pictures: Tomatina festival, 25 August, 2004 | | steeply [ steep-lee ] | | [ adverb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. In the manner of a sharp incline 2. In a precipitous way | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | We followed the trail until we came to a hill that ascended too steeply to climb without proper equipment.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The US Open Centre Court is very imposing and is one of the most steeply banked in the world, so it's like a cauldron, he says. BBC, Why are tennis players so badly behaved? 14 September 2009 | | warble [ WAWR-buh'l ] | | [ noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr. v.) to sing with trills or quavers 2. (tr. v.) to yodel 3. (intr. v.) to carol or express one's feelings in song 4. (n.) a song which has a succession of trills or quavers or the act of singing with trills and quavers 5. (n.) a lump or tumour on the back of a horse or on the back of cattle | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | He used a tape recorder with a powerful microphone to record the warble of birds on his birdwatching jaunts.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Music weaves New Orleans' past with its present, and the infinite jazz variations -- from the ethereal warble of classic Dixieland to the tuba-powered street funk of brass bands -- serve as a soundtrack to this storied city. CNN, Savor the sound of the Crescent City, Wayne Curtis, 22 Decemnber 2008. | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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