TESTfunda Daily Wordlist 23-Sep-13

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Testfunda
23-Sep-13
Daily WordlistVocabulary Flashcards | Vocabulary Test | Previous Wordlists
skirmish [ SKUR-mish ]
 noun, intransitive verb ]
 MEANING :
 1. (n.) a fight between troops
2. (n.) any brisk dispute or encounter
3. (intr. v.) to engage in a fight or conflict
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
 The police had to intervene as the skirmish among the fans was getting out of hand.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
 Sixteen German police officers were slightly hurt and 15 England fans arrested after a skirmish in Cologne.
BBC, England fans held after skirmish, 30 June 2006.
 
skulduggery [ skuhl-DUHG-uh'-ree ]
 noun ]
 MEANING :
 crafty trickery or unscrupulous behaviour
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
 In 19th century Britain, gypsies were accused of skulduggery.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
 US finance giant Citigroup is dumping the boss of its investment banking arm, Salomon Smith Barney, amid allegations of biased research and skulduggery in its corporate finance operations.
BBC, Scandal-hit Salomon ditches chief, 9 September, 2002
 
ramify [ RAM-uh'-fahy ]
 intransitive verb, transitive verb ]
 MEANING :
 1. (intr. v.) to develop complexities
2. (intr. v.) to grow branches or branch out
3. (tr. v.) to separate into parts or branches
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
 The inability to rush an accident victim to a hospital on time could ramify the loss of life.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
 The loss is terrible, and it will ramify through millions of lives.
The Telegraph, This is the tempest long foretold, 12 September 2001
 
epistemologist [ i-pis-tuh'-MOL-uh'-jist ]
 noun ]
 MEANING :
 1. a specialist in the extent and validity of the nature of knowledge
2. a philosopher who studies the nature and theory of knowledge
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
 The class was asked to identify the epistemologist who wrote the essay on 'the theory of knowledge.'
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
 Taleb is a Lebanese options trader turned epistemologist.
The Telegraph, Tales of the unexpected, 31 May 2007.
 
stratum [ STREY-tuh'm ]
 noun ]
 MEANING :
 1. one of many horizontal layers of material
2. a level of society composed of people with similar cultural, social or economic status
3. any of a number of levels, or divisions in an organized system
4. a layer of body tissue
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
 The explorers chanced upon a stratum of gold deep within the mountains.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
 The upper stratum of the political class in the United States -- the candidates, the activists, the interest group leaders -- they are in fact more divided than they have been in quite a while.
CNN, The polarization myth, Lou Dobbs, 20 October 2004.
 
Spelled Pronunciation Key
Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable,
as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ]
CONSONANTS
[b] boy, baby, rob
[d] do, ladder, bed
[f] food, offer, safe
[g] get, bigger, dog
[h] happy, ahead
[j] jump, budget, age
[k] can, speaker, stick
[l] let, follow, still
[m] make, summer, time
[n] no, dinner, thin
[ng] singer, think, long
[p] put, apple, cup
[r] run, marry, far, store
[s] sit, city, passing, face
[sh] she, station, push
[t] top, better, cat
[ch] church, watching, nature, witch
[th] thirsty, nothing, math
[th'] this, mother, breathe
[v] very, seven, love
[w] wear, away
[hw] where, somewhat
[y] yes, onion
[z] zoo, easy, buzz
[zh] measure, television, beige
 
VOWELS
[a] apple, can, hat
[ey] aid, hate, day
[ah] arm, father, aha
[air] air, careful, wear
[aw] all, or, talk, lost, saw
[e] ever, head, get
[ee] eat, see, need
[eer] ear, hero, beer
[er] teacher, afterward, murderer
[i] it, big, finishes
[ahy] I, ice, hide, deny
[o] odd, hot, woffle
[oh] owe, road, below
[oo] ooze, food, soup, sue
[oo'] good, book, put
[oi] oil, choice, toy
[ou] out, loud, how
[uh] up, mother, mud
[uh'] about, animal, problem, circus
[ur] early, bird, stirring
 
FOREIGN SOUNDS
[a*] Fr. ami
[kh*] Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich
[œ] Fr. feu, Ger. schön
[r*] Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe
[uh*] Fr. oeuvre
[y*] Fr. tu, Ger. über
 
SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS
[an*] Fr. bien
[ahn*] Fr. croissant
[awn*] Fr. bon
[œn*] Fr. parfum
[in*] Port. Principe
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