guttural [ GUHT-er-uh' l ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. articulated in the throat 2. harsh, throaty or unpleasant utterance | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The German language, when spoken often comes across as somewhat harsh and guttural to English speakers.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Marvin Gaye's voice was a remarkably versatile instrument, sometimes gossamer, sometimes guttural, always expressive and emotional. CNN, The triumph and tragedy of Marvin Gaye, By Todd Leopold, Tuesday, June 8, 2004 | | adamant [ AD-uh'-muh'nt, -mant ] | | [ noun, adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (adj.) unyielding, stubborn or unrelenting 2. (adj.) inflexible or unshakable 3 (n.) a substance (like a diamond) that is so hard that it is impenetrable or unyielding. | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | His adamant attitude cost him his job.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Mark Thompson, the BBC director-general, remained adamant against the showing the advertisement. abcNews, Religious Leaders Call on BBC to Show Gaza Ad, By JENNIFER QUINN Associated Press Writer, January 25, 2009 | | abhor [ ab-HAWR ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | to loathe, detest, abominate or hate | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | She abhorred people who gossiped.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | There are little bands of pilgrims who not only abhor violence but form organisations like Dignity Foundation, join PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), learn karate for self-defence and lock doors with a double bolt at night. The Times of India, Are we insensitive to violence on the streets?, 25 Aug 2002 | | decree [ di-KREE ] | | [ noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) an authoritative order that has the force of law 2. (n.) one that is foreordained 3. (tr.v.) to dictate or establish by decree 4. (intr.v.) to ordain | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Royal decrees cannot be ignored.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Last month, Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah issued a royal decree naming the interior minister, Prince Nayef -- the powerful brother of the crown prince and half-brother to the king -- to the post of second deputy prime minster. CNN, Saudi crown prince's surgery raises questions, From Mohammed Jamjoom CNN, May 2, 2009 | | adjunct [ AJ-uh'ngkt ] | | [ noun, adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) an appendage or one that is added as an auxiliary or secondary addition 2. (n.) an assistant, subordinate or a person in a secondary or auxiliary position 3. (n.) a secondary or auxiliary word 4. (adj.) attached, joined or connected in an auxiliary or secondary manner | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | All the adjuncts in his will were read out.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Food should be part and parcel of education and not just an adjunct to it BBC, School meals 'task force' created, 11 December 2008 | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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