naïve [ nah-EEV ] | | [ noun, adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (adj.) having an unaffected simplicity 2. (adj.) lacking sophistication and critical judgment 3. (n.) someone who is uncritical, innocent and trusting | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | We were naïve to have thought that we could give the Dalai Lama shelter in India without suffering the consequences.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | We were naive to let them back into the game. BBC, Halifax were naive, says Wilder, 3 October 2007 | | torpedo [ tawr-PEE-doh ] | | [ noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) a cigar-shaped, self-propelled underwater projectile designed to detonate on impact or in the vicinity of the target 2. (n.) a device exploded in an oil or gas well to increase the flow 3. (n.) an electric ray (torpedo fish) 4. (tr. v.) to attack or destroy using torpedoes 5. (tr. v.) to undermine or thwart 6. (intr. v.) to sink a ship with torpedoes | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The captain of the submarine fired a torpedo at the enemy frigate.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Proposals to cut defence jobs linked to testing submarine torpedoes in the Sound of Raasay have been dropped by the Ministry of Defence BBC, Torpedo site job cuts withdrawn, 31 March 2010. | | sophomoric [ sof-uh'-MAWR-ik, -MOR- ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. over-confident, lacking good judgement or immature 2. pertaining to or characteristic of sophomores | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | His sophomoric thoughts landed him in trouble.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The blogs are more than sophomoric ramblings about college life. The Times of India, US students go online to attend dream college, 23 May 2006 | | defer [ di-FUR ] | | [ intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr.v.) to postpone, delay or put off for later 2. (tr.v.) to delay a person's induction into military service 3. (intr.v.) to postpone or procrastinate | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | He deferred his admission to the university.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Scottish Borders councillors have deferred their decision on plans for a wind farm in the Lammermuir Hills. BBC, Wind farm site decision deferred, 15 January 2007 | | deplete [ di-PLEET ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | to drain, exhaust or gradually lessen | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Food stocks were depleted due to a ban on imports.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Scientists in Norway say there is evidence that waste products from offshore oil exploration could seriously deplete stocks of cod in the North Sea. BBC, Norway sees oil threat to cod, 22 March, 2002 | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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