extraneous [ ik-STREY-nee-uhs ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. not belonging or coming from an external source 2. not essential or unrelated to 3. nonessential or superfluous | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The professor weeded out all extraneous references and examples from the lecture.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | I try to fill the frame with essential elements of the picture and crop out all extraneous matter at the time of taking if possible or otherwise in the darkroom when preparing the prints. BBC, Pictures paint a thousand words, 10 March 2004 | | conclave [ KON-kleyv, KONG- ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. a private or confidential meeting 2. a meeting of Roman Catholic cardinals to elect a new Pope 3. the place in which the Roman Catholic cardinals meet in private to elect a new pope 4. a meeting of a group or association | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | A conclave of political leaders met to discuss the treaty.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | He got 508 votes in the conclave of about 700 priests, monks and lay leaders from 64 countries who gathered to chose the new patriarch. CNN, Russian church picks new head, January 27, 2009 | | evoke [ i-VOHK ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. to produce or summon 2. to call or conjure up by citing or suggesting 3. to re-create or create anew by means of one's imagination | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The act evoked feelings of hatred among the citizens.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The ancient oasis cities of Tashkent, Samarqand, and Bukhara all evoke the old Silk Road to China. National Geographic Traveler, Uzbekistan | | disburse [ dis-BURS ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. to pay out cash, as from a fund 2. to expend 3. to spread out or scatter | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | At the end of the day money was disbursed to the labourers.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The UK government sees itself as a leading player in international climate diplomacy. In June, Prime Minister Gordon Brown proposed setting up a fund to raise and disburse $100bn (£60bn) annually for climate protection and adaptation. BBC, Climate deal is 'in the balance', Richard Black, 8 September 2009. | | phalanx [ FEY-langks, FAL-angks ] | | [ noun, intransitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) a battle array developed by Philip II of Macedon or formation of infantry carrying shields which overlap each other and long spears 2. (n.) a group united for a common cause 3. (n.) a bone of the finger or toe 4. (intr. v.) to distribute work in a print shop as evenly as possible | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The general organised his infantry into a phalanx which proved to be impenetrable on the battlefield.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | A phalanx of celebrities is climbing Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest peak, for Comic Relief. BBC, How hard is it to climb Mount Kilimanjaro? 2 March 2009. | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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