antecedent [ an-tuh'-SEED-nt ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | preceding events that affect later developments | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 served as an antecedent to the allied forces launching "Operation Desert Storm" a year later.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | When I heard it yesterday, while trolling for Carlin fodder, I realized that this is a clear antecedent to The Googlenope, a concept I created. The Washington Post, Chatological Humor, Gene Weingarten, Washington Post Staff Writer, Tuesday, June 24, 2008 | | profligate [ PROF-li-git, -geyt ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. utterly licentious or immoral 2. wildly extravagant or prodigal | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | His profligate ways landed him in prison.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | With attention on energy problems worldwide, Formula One cannot afford to be profligate in its use of fuel, said Mosley, who expects general levels of spending to be cut in half "without affecting the spectacle in any way." The Washing Post, Formula One urges changes to cut costs, The Associated Press, Thursday, July 3, 2008 | | grimace [ GRIM-uh' s, gri-MEYS ] | | [ noun, verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) a distorted facial expression often indicating discomfort, pain, disgust etc. 2. (v.) to make distorted facial expressions | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The thought of entering the dark, filthy alley made him grimace.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | They found changes in facial expression, including a grimace, squeezing eyes shut and furrowing the brow, were best indicators the baby was in pain. Telegraph, Babies feel more pain than doctors realise, 24 June 2008 | | dastardly [ DAS-terd-lee ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. cowardly 2. malicious; characterised by underhanded treachery; sneaking | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Terrorists are carrying out dastardly bomb blasts in various cities in the country in order to foment violence between communities.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The dastardly attacks on September 11, 2001 will be an indelible date in U.S. history—and, in their shared hour of agony on that fateful day, one more bond between two sister cities. National Geographic, Comment: Washington, New York—Bonded by History, Edward C. Smith, American University, October 5, 2001 | | impetus [ IM-pi-tuh' s ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. the force or energy that is associated with a body in motion. 2. an impelling force | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The deployment of anti-missile systems by the U.S. provided a strong impetus for Russia and China to build even more sophisticated missiles.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The advent of a new anti-rejection drug, cyclosporine, gave new impetus to organ transplants in the 1980s. CNN.com, Michael DeBakey, pioneer of heart procedures, dead at 99, July 12, 2008 | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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