| steadfast [ STED-fast, -fahst, -fuh' st ] | | | [ adjective ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. faithful or unswervingly, unwaveringly loyal 2. steady, firm or constant | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | He was considered to be a steadfast and brave soldier.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Russia's steadfast refusal to let EUMM inside the contested territories could also be construed as an attempt to cover up the destruction seemingly inflicted on predominantly Georgian-populated areas after their inhabitants left in the wake of the conflict. Economist, Still simmering, Oct 30th 2008 | | | | litany [ LIT-n-ee ] | | | [ noun ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. a prayer that is part of a liturgy and consists of a series of recitals of invocation by a leader that is alternated with fixed responses by the congregation. 2. a resonant or repetitive recital or chant 3. a dreary or tedious account | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | The boring litany about the travels undertaken by Captain Wells was poorly received by the audience.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Last year it signed an exclusive deal to supply RIM's BlackBerry Storm, but industry experts have suggested a litany of problems with the phone's operating system have suppressed sales. Telegraph, Vodafone signs exclusive deal for Google's new G2 phone, By Rupert Neate in Barcelona, 17 Feb 2009 | | | | irate [ ahy-REYT, AHY-reyt ] | | | [ adjective ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. furious 2. pertaining to anger | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | The irate customer yelled at the poor customer service executives.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | The furor surrounding Ovrebo is not the first time -- and will certainly not be the last -- a referee has found himself or herself in the firing line from irate players and fans. CNN, Controversial refereeing decisions, Mike Steere, 8 May 2009 | | | | dire [ dahy-uh'r ] | | | [ adjective ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. causing dread 2. involving disaster or misfortune 3. desperate or urgent | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | He was warned of dire consequences if he disclosed the name of the bully.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | The federal government does not plan to stop paying interest on the federal debt, a move which would have dire economic consequences. CNN, Broad range of programs targeted by proposed spending freeze, 27 January 2010. | | | | pinnace [ PIN-is ] | | | [ noun ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. a light boat propelled by oars or a sailing boat used in attendance on a larger ship 2. any of various kinds of ship's attendance boats | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | The pirates used the pinnace to ferry supplies from the island to their ship which was anchored off the coast.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Bear in mind that our ship is a pinnace and not a full-size warship. BBC, 'Superguns' of Elizabeth I's navy, 20 February 2009. | | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] | CONSONANTS | | [b] | boy, baby, rob | | [d] | do, ladder, bed | | [f] | food, offer, safe | | [g] | get, bigger, dog | | [h] | happy, ahead | | [j] | jump, budget, age | | [k] | can, speaker, stick | | [l] | let, follow, still | | [m] | make, summer, time | | [n] | no, dinner, thin | | [ng] | singer, think, long | | [p] | put, apple, cup | | [r] | run, marry, far, store | | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | | [sh] | she, station, push | | [t] | top, better, cat | | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | | [v] | very, seven, love | | [w] | wear, away | | [hw] | where, somewhat | | [y] | yes, onion | | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | | VOWELS | | [a] | apple, can, hat | | [ey] | aid, hate, day | | [ah] | arm, father, aha | | [air] | air, careful, wear | | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | | [e] | ever, head, get | | [ee] | eat, see, need | | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | | [i] | it, big, finishes | | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | | [oh] | owe, road, below | | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | | [oo'] | good, book, put | | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | | [ou] | out, loud, how | | [uh] | up, mother, mud | | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | | [a*] | Fr. ami | | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | | [an*] | Fr. bien | | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | | [awn*] | Fr. bon | | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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