sardonic [ sahr-DON-ik ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | cynical, mocking, scornful or sarcastic | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | He regarded her with a sardonic expression on his face.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | As the composer's current worldwide champion, he was undaunted by the music's contradictions, whereby bitter and sweet, icy and graceful, harsh and witty, big and small, romantic and unromantic, sardonic and sentimental, delicate and bludgeoning are qualities that go together. The Herald, London Symphony Orchestra, Usher Hall, CONRAD WILSON, August 18 2008 | | fritter [ FRIT-er ] | | [ noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) a shred or a small piece, portion or fragment 2. (tr.v.) to squander or waste 3. (tr.v.) to shred or break into tiny fragments 4. (intr.v.) to dwindle, dissipate, degenerate or shrink | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | He is an expert tracker, who made use of a single fritter to solve his last case.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The speech made reference both to the healthcare and education reforms Mr Obama plans, and also the desire not to fritter away tax dollars. BBC, Determined Obama vows to renew US, 25 February 2009 | | vivacious [ vi-VEY-shuh's ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | lively, sprightly or highly spirited | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The vivacious, little girl won the 100-metre sprint.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The music runs its relentlessly vivacious course before ending in an exultant blaze of trumpets and drums. BBC, More information about the Mozart pieces..., 17 January 2009 | | penology [ pee-NOL-uh'-jee ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) the study of the deterrent and reformatory aspects of punishment of criminals 2. (n.) the study of the management procedures in prisons | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The warden feigned ignorance of penology and proclaimed that criminals were supposed to suffer for their crimes.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | As an acolyte of the hanging-is-not-punishment-enough school of penology, I feel that my views on the killers of Jamie Bulger deserve a hearing. The Telegraph, There is hope for these boys - more punishment could end it, Dr Theodore Dalrymple, 6 July 2000. | | disabuse [ dis-uh-byooz ] | | [ transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr. v.) to free from error or misconception 2. (tr. v.) to free from falsehood | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The lawyer successfully disabused the witness of her confidence in her statement as a witness.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | His conversation was always instructive but never pedantic; his taste was as accurate as it was, at times, licentious; his appetite refined and insatiable; his humour at once generous and disabused. The Telegraph, Victor Arwas, 2 May 2010. | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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