provident [ PROV-i-duh' nt ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. having a foresight or ability to make provisions for the future 2. frugal, thrifty or economical | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Life insurance is an essential form of provident care of our loved ones.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | For a small investor, especially from the salaried class, provident fund has become a way of life. The Times of India, Save prudently through a provident fund, By Deepa Gopalan, 20 May 2003 | | flagellate [ v. FLAJ-uh'-leyt; adj., n. FLAJ-uh'-lit, -leyt ] | | [ noun, adjective, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr.v.) to flog, scourge or whip 2. (adj.) having a shape like a flagellum 3. (adj.) pertaining to or of a flagellate 4. (n.) a protozoa or an alga that possesses one or more flagella | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | To have anyone flagellated so mercilessly is a crime against humanity.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Some worshippers and clerics flagellated themselves to the sounds of mourning invocations. CNN, 11 die in attacks in Iraq, From Jomana Karadsheh, November 28, 2008 | | idiosyncrasy [ id-ee-uh'-sing-kruh'-see ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. a behaviour pattern peculiar to a type of individual or group of such like minded people 2. eccentric mannerisms | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Their idiosyncrasies helped them bond over a delightful meal.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The performance goes well beyond caricature in its expressivity and exhilarating idiosyncrasy. CNN, Review: Streep makes 'Julia' worthwhile, Tom Charity, 7 August 2009 | | chivalrous [ SHIV-uh'l-ruh's ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. possessing qualities like gallantry, honour, courage and courtesy 2. characterized by being considerate and courteous to women 3. being gracious and honourable to a defeated foe | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | His friends advised him to be chivalrous and play the gentleman when out on a date.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Generally, it's safe to say that deep down, most women do appreciate chivalrous gentlemen. BBC, Student diary: the book they never wrote but should have, 12 January 2010. | | supernumerary [ soo-per-NOO-muh'-rer-ee, -NYOO ] | | [ noun, adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (adj.) extra or being in excess of the usual or prescribed amount 2. (adj.) associated with a regular body or staff like an assistant or substitute in case of necessity 3. (n.) a substitute official or employee 4. (n.) an actor who does not have a speaking part (an actor who appears in a crowd scene) | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The doctor informed the parents that their new born baby had a supernumerary digit beside the little finger on the right hand.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | We have therefore designed a structured four-month programme, including mentoring, experience on the wards in a supernumerary capacity and a series of classroom-based study days. BBC, Trusts deny 'cheap nursing' claim, 14 February 2007. | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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