precursor [ pri-KUR-ser, PREE-kur- ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. predecessor or forerunner 2. a harbinger or indicator of someone's arrival 3. (chemistry) a compound formed as a result of a chemical reaction that during the course of the reaction changes into another compound 4. (biology) a substance that gives rise to another substance | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The dark clouds were a precursor to an early monsoon.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | The study was led by investigators from the University of Toronto, who randomly assigned 440 postmenopausal women with osteopenia, the precursor to full blown osteoporosis, to either a high dose of vitamin K1 daily or a placebo for comparison purposes. The Times of India, 'Vitamin K may not prevent bone loss', 14 Oct 2008 | | garnish [ GAHR-nish ] | | [ noun, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr.v.) to adorn, embellish or decorate 2. (tr.v.) to embellish food or drink by adding something that enhances its flavour or colour 3. (tr.v.) (law) to garnishee 4. (n.) decoration or embellishment 5. (n.) an embellishment added to enhance the flavour or colour of food or drink | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The food was garnished with a variety of spices.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Cement dust had been blasted all over the kitchen, where sideplates of soft cheese lay uneaten but garnished with fragments of plaster. Telegraph, Rockets from Lebanon strike an Israeli old people's home, By Tim Butcher in Nahariyya, 08 Jan 2009 | | impermeable [ im-pur-mee-uh'-buh'l ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. resistant to seepage does not allow fluids to diffuse through | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The impermeable quality of plastic caused it to be used in an assortment of house-hold products.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Balloon material is sterile, strong and impermeable. BBC, Health- Balloon material in surgery breakthrough, Jane O'Brien, 5 August 1999 | | shirk [ shurk ] | | [ intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr. v.) to evade 2. (tr. v.) to avoid or neglect 3. (intr. v.) to avoid one's duty | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | He was dedicated and never shirked his responsibilities.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | He has never shirked a challenge and some of our best known companies have benefited from his leadership and guidance. The Telegraph, Telegraph award: industry acclaim for Sir Philip Hampton, a businessman for all seasons, Roland Gribben, 11 November 2009. | | freebooter [ FREE-boo-ter ] | | [ noun ] | | MEANING : | | 1. a person who goes about in search of loot or one who plunders 2. a pirate or buccaneer 3. one who pillages | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | They had placed a sentry on top of the hill to warn the villagers in case of an attack by freebooters.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Mr Wyatt, who retired from the BBC in 1999 after 35 years at the corporation, said he opposed Mr Dyke, the former head of GMTV, as a candidate because he was a ""cheerleader"" for Labour and ""a freebooter"" who ""could be a liability running the BBC"". The Telegraph, Birt 'joined in plot to keep Dyke out of BBC', Tom Leonard, June 2003. | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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