| probity [ PROH-bi-tee, PROB-i- ] | | | [ noun ] | | | MEANING : | | | honesty, fidelity or integrity | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | His probity was never in question but his actions seemed suspicious.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Mr Begich touts his own probity, giving links to dozens of financial-disclosure reports on his website. The Economist, The challenger, Sep 4th 2008 | | | | bumptious [ BUHMP-shuh' s ] | | | [ adjective ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. crudely or loudly assertive; pushy 2. offensively self-conceited | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | The bumptious fool often spoke without thinking.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Playing the part with a convincing mixture of bumptious charm and desperate vulnerability, Steve Coogan is a pretty good character actor if you can ever forget that this is Steve Coogan. Telegraph, Credit-crunch television that waves goodbye to greed, By Stephen Pile, 12 Dec 2008 | | | | gush [ guhsh ] | | | [ noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. (tr.v.)to flow with force 2. (intr.v.) to convey with exaggerated feeling 3. (n.) a sudden abundant outflow | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | The water gushed over the temporary dam made of sacks of sand and logs.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Tenants attack a housing association's response after recent flash floods gush through their homes. BBC, Residents unhappy at flood relief, 20 August 2004 | | | | diatribe [ DAHY-uh'-trahyb ] | | | [ noun ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. bitter criticism 2. a harsh, abusive denunciation | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | The journalist's diatribes against the municipal commissioner seem to be evoking some response.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | AS President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's chief advisor on media and the arts, Mahdi Kalhor is famous for his diatribes against the pernicious influence of Western "cultural saboteurs". The Telegraph, A tale of modern Iran: a young woman's flight from her father, Alan Brown, 25 October 2009. | | | | rudimentary [ roo-duh'-MEN-tuh'-ree, -tree ] | | | [ adjective ] | | | MEANING : | | | 1. the first principle or relating to basic facts 2. elementary 3. undeveloped or being in an early stage of development | | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | | Although the driver had a rudimentary knowledge of motor mechanics, he was not able to detect the fault and get the car started.
| | | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | | Paul Bloom, the professor of psychology who heads the study team, said: "A growing body of evidence ... suggests that humans do have a rudimentary moral sense from the very start of life. The Telegraph, Six-month-old babies 'can tell right from wrong', Heidi Blake, 9 May 2010. | | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] | CONSONANTS | | [b] | boy, baby, rob | | [d] | do, ladder, bed | | [f] | food, offer, safe | | [g] | get, bigger, dog | | [h] | happy, ahead | | [j] | jump, budget, age | | [k] | can, speaker, stick | | [l] | let, follow, still | | [m] | make, summer, time | | [n] | no, dinner, thin | | [ng] | singer, think, long | | [p] | put, apple, cup | | [r] | run, marry, far, store | | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | | [sh] | she, station, push | | [t] | top, better, cat | | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | | [v] | very, seven, love | | [w] | wear, away | | [hw] | where, somewhat | | [y] | yes, onion | | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | | VOWELS | | [a] | apple, can, hat | | [ey] | aid, hate, day | | [ah] | arm, father, aha | | [air] | air, careful, wear | | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | | [e] | ever, head, get | | [ee] | eat, see, need | | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | | [i] | it, big, finishes | | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | | [oh] | owe, road, below | | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | | [oo'] | good, book, put | | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | | [ou] | out, loud, how | | [uh] | up, mother, mud | | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | | [a*] | Fr. ami | | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | | [an*] | Fr. bien | | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | | [awn*] | Fr. bon | | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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