impertinent [ im-PUR-tn-uh' nt ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. insolent, disrespectful or brash 2. inappropriate or irrelevant | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The brash school boy received a clip on the ear for his impertinent remarks.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | That's the trouble: the millions of people who want to look at the pictures of Miss Middleton and engage in impertinent speculations about whether she will one day be Queen of England. Telegraph, A Royal fate, By Andrew Gimson, 11/01/2007 | | agnostic [ ag-NOS-tik ] | | [ noun, adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (n.) a person who believes it is impossible to know whether there is a God 2. (n.) one who is doubtful or noncommittal about ultimate knowledge in some area of study 3. (adj.) pertaining to agnostics 4. (adj.) doubtful and uncertain of all claims to knowledge | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | Agnostics form a minor percentage of the world population.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Darwin himself quietly renounced Christianity during his middle age, and later described himself as an agnostic. National Geographic, Was Darwin Wrong?, By David Quammen | | umbrageous [ uhm-BREY-juh's ] | | [ adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. creating or affording shade 2. likely to take offence, irritable | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | The weary traveller rested under an umbrageous tree which provided him with shelter from the blazing sun.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | For most of us, the summer break - whether under a pretentious straw hat in an umbrageous Tuscan retreat, or going lobster on a crowded Balearic beach - is one of the only times we really get to read: what we want, for as long as we want, undistracted. The Telegraph, Summer books, Sam Leith, 16 June 2007 | | gaudy [ GAW-dee ] | | [ noun, adjective ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (adj.) excessively showy or colourful 2. (adj.) tastelessly flashy 3. (n.) a celebration like an annual university dinner or a college feast | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | You are expected to wear gaudy clothes to a discotheque.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | They sit hunched at tables under gaudy crystal chandeliers chatting over the din of lounge music and the constant whirl of roulette wheels. BBC, Georgia concerned by 'link between gambling and drugs', 28 November 2009. | | stratified [ strat-uh-fahy-d ] | | [ intransitive verb, transitive verb ] | | MEANING : | | 1. (tr. v.) to place in layers 2. (tr. v.) to arrange according to graded status levels or separate into social levels 3. (intr. v.) to form layers 2. (intr. v.) to lie in beds or layers 3. (tr. v.) to develop hierarchically as graded status levels. | | USAGE EXAMPLE 1 : | | They discovered that quarry site contained veins of gold in the stratified rock.
| | USAGE EXAMPLE 2 : | | Unable to accept being submerged, their views diluted or just unheard, many of the more talented officers will probably have been long lost to the armed forces altogether through departure to less stratified civilian employment. The Telegraph, Officer attacks Army's 'toxic leadership', Thomas Harding, 1 July 2009. | |
Spelled Pronunciation Key Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ] CONSONANTS | [b] | boy, baby, rob | [d] | do, ladder, bed | [f] | food, offer, safe | [g] | get, bigger, dog | [h] | happy, ahead | [j] | jump, budget, age | [k] | can, speaker, stick | [l] | let, follow, still | [m] | make, summer, time | [n] | no, dinner, thin | [ng] | singer, think, long | [p] | put, apple, cup | [r] | run, marry, far, store | [s] | sit, city, passing, face | [sh] | she, station, push | [t] | top, better, cat | [ch] | church, watching, nature, witch | [th] | thirsty, nothing, math | [th'] | this, mother, breathe | [v] | very, seven, love | [w] | wear, away | [hw] | where, somewhat | [y] | yes, onion | [z] | zoo, easy, buzz | [zh] | measure, television, beige | | | VOWELS | [a] | apple, can, hat | [ey] | aid, hate, day | [ah] | arm, father, aha | [air] | air, careful, wear | [aw] | all, or, talk, lost, saw | [e] | ever, head, get | [ee] | eat, see, need | [eer] | ear, hero, beer | [er] | teacher, afterward, murderer | [i] | it, big, finishes | [ahy] | I, ice, hide, deny | [o] | odd, hot, woffle | [oh] | owe, road, below | [oo] | ooze, food, soup, sue | [oo'] | good, book, put | [oi] | oil, choice, toy | [ou] | out, loud, how | [uh] | up, mother, mud | [uh'] | about, animal, problem, circus | [ur] | early, bird, stirring | | | FOREIGN SOUNDS | [a*] | Fr. ami | [kh*] | Scot. loch, Ger. ach or ich | [œ] | Fr. feu, Ger. schön | [r*] | Fr. au revoir, Yiddish rebbe | [uh*] | Fr. oeuvre | [y*] | Fr. tu, Ger. über | | | SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS | [an*] | Fr. bien | [ahn*] | Fr. croissant | [awn*] | Fr. bon | [œn*] | Fr. parfum | [in*] | Port. Principe | | |
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