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fortuitous [ fawr-TOO-i-tuh' s, -TYOO- ]
 adjective ]
  MEANING :
  accidentally lucky or fortunate
  USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
  The fortitude displayed by the warriors in holding off the enemy was a sight to behold.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
  It would be very difficult for us to afford to do it on our own. It this case, it's a fortuitous linkage of the commercial and the not-for-profit.
abcNEWS, A Scarcity of New Plays Dominate B'way's Fall, By MICHAEL KUCHWARA AP Drama Writer, NEW YORK, September 2, 2008
 
abstinence [ AB-stuh'-nuh'ns ]
 noun ]
  MEANING :
  1. voluntary forbearance from any indulgence of appetite, particularly from the use of alcoholic beverages
2. any self-denial, forbearance or self-restraint
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
  Abstinence is often required to balance the body equilibrium.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
  On each subsequent day, they were instructed to add an additional hour of abstinence and an additional piece of gum.
abcNews, Chewing Through a Smoking Habit, By JOHN G. SPANGLER, M.D., Jan. 31, 2009
 
equable [ EK-wuh'-buh' l, EE-kwuh'-  ]
 adjective ]
  MEANING :
  1. uniform or steady
2. serene or tranquil
  USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
  She had trouble living on the hill-station as she was used to an equable climate.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
  Not since rationing ended in the 1950s has the question been asked: is a wealthy country with an equable climate confident it can feed its people?
The Herald, Food security requires people to return to the land, Hugh Raven, 14 July 2009
 
victuals [ VIT-l ]
 noun, intransitive verb, transitive verb ]
  MEANING :
  1. (n.) provisions for human beings or food
2. (tr. v.) to provide with food
3. (intr. v.) to get food
4. (intr. v.) to eat
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
  The hikers had to carry victuals as there were no shops on their route.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
  The problem of providing victuals for a vast army and keeping the population fed proved enormous.
BBC, War and revolution in Russia, 2 November 1998.
 
oligarchy [ OL-i-gahr-kee  ]
 noun ]
  MEANING :
  1. a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons belonging to a dominant class or elite segment of society
2. a state governed by the few
3. the few who make up a government
 USAGE EXAMPLE 1 :
  The drawback of an oligarchy is that the individuals are usually provoked by the lust for power and religious fanaticism.
 USAGE EXAMPLE 2 :
  Tymoshenko urged Ukrainians not to "come to the elections with their eyes closed and bring the pure, powerful oligarchy, ready to own the country, back to power again." 
CNN, Ukraine vote could bring revolution's loser to power, Matthew Chance, 17 January 2010.
 
Spelled Pronunciation Key
Stress marks: [ CAPS ] indicates the primary stressed syllable, 
as in newspaper [NOOZ-pey-per ] and information [ in-fer-MEY-shuh' n ]
CONSONANTS
[b]boy, baby, rob
[d]do, ladder, bed
[f]food, offer, safe
[g]get, bigger, dog
[h]happy, ahead
[j]jump, budget, age
[k]can, speaker, stick
[l]let, follow, still
[m]make, summer, time
[n]no, dinner, thin
[ng]singer, think, long
[p]put, apple, cup
[r]run, marry, far, store
[s]sit, city, passing, face
[sh]she, station, push
[t]top, better, cat
[ch]church, watching, nature, witch
[th]thirsty, nothing, math
[th']this, mother, breathe
[v]very, seven, love
[w]wear, away
[hw]where, somewhat
[y]yes, onion
[z]zoo, easy, buzz
[zh]measure, television, beige
 
VOWELS
[a] apple, can, hat
[ey] aid, hate, day
[ah] arm, father, aha
[air] air, careful, wear
[aw] all, or, talk, lost, saw
[e] ever, head, get
[ee] eat, see, need
[eer] ear, hero, beer
[er] teacher, afterward, murderer
[i] it, big, finishes
[ahy] Iice, hide, deny
[o] odd, hot, woffle
[oh] owe, road, below
[oo] ooze, food, soup, sue
[oo'] good, book, put
[oi] oil, choice, toy
[ou] out, loud, how
[uh] up, mother, mud
[uh'] about, animal, problem, circus
[ur] early, bird, stirring
 
FOREIGN SOUNDS
[a*] Fr. ami
[kh*] Scot. lochGer. ach or ich
[œ] Fr. feu, Ger. schön
[r*] Fr. au revoirYiddish rebbe
[uh*] Fr. oeuvre
[y*] Fr. tuGer. über
 
SAMPLE NASALIZED VOWELS
[an*] Fr. bien
[ahn*] Fr. croissant
[awn*] Fr. bon
[œn*] Fr. parfum
[in*] Port. Principe














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